The Decline Of Cognitive Decline - 1312 Words

Are nursing homes associated with the acceleration of cognitive decline? The relevance of this question is that there are numerous families that are concerned about their loved one s health when they are placed into a nursing home. First, what are some of the reasons for families to place their loved one’s into a nursing home? Second, what is Alzheimer’s and Dementia? Third, what are the reasons for the decline in residents cognitive behaviors? Finally, how can we help change the acceleration of cognitive decline? Nursing homes are suppose to be helping the residents maintain their health as long as they can but are they helping the residents? If nursing homes are more suitable for the well being of the suffering loved one, then†¦show more content†¦Also, when the family is taking care of them, it becomes stressful and straining to care for them on their own, especially when the impairments worsen. If the family still does not wish to place them into a long-term facility, they have the option of placing them into a daycare, just to give the family members a break from day-to-day (Rabins). Everyone needs a break, including the ones who try to their best running their life while caring for someone who is worsening and shows progression of Alzheimer s. In addition to having to care for a person going through a progression of a physical impairment, but also having to watch them progress with Alzheimer’s is extremely hard. It becomes difficult when the family does not fully understand what Alzheimer s and Dementia is. In order to care for someone with Alzheimer’s and or Dementia they should proceed to look further into it. Various studies have been done to help explain to families what each problem is and how to care for someone with Alzheimer’s and Dementia. Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells (What). Most commonly the first region of the brain cells damaged would be the cells in the hippocampus, whi ch is the center of learning and memory in the brain (What). Depending on what type of Dementia the patient has will depend on the area of the brain that is affected (What). Dementia has a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in

Gun Review - 3093 Words

An Updated Background Check System Will Help Prevent Gun Violence Guns and Crime, 2012 Formed in 2006, Mayors Against Illegal Guns is a coalition of over 550 mayors who support reforms to fight illegal gun trafficking and gun violence in the United States, while still respecting the Second Amendment. The background check system designed by Congress in 1993 to prohibit dangerous people from purchasing guns is not working effectively. But with the enforcement of critical new regulations, the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) could be an effective tool in preventing gun violence. One such regulation would require the names of all people known to be dangerous or criminal be registered in the NICS database, and those†¦show more content†¦Revised legislation would strengthen the NICS system in six ways: Funding: Fully fund the NICS Improvement Amendments Act to help agencies and states cover the costs of gathering records and making them electronically available to the FBI. The legislation, enacted in 2008, is failing to a chieve its goals in part because Congress has supplied only 5.3% of the authorized amount from Fiscal Year 2009 through Fiscal Year 2011. That money was supposed to be available to states to help cover the cost of gathering and supplying records. The revised law would guarantee full funding to states and federal agencies to comply with reporting requirements to the NICS database. Penalties: Establish tougher penalties for states that do not comply with the law by cutting more of their Justice Department funding. 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Economic Principle for Comparison among Australia and Japan

Question: Discuss about theEconomic Principle for Comparison among Australia and Japan. Answer: Comparison of Economic Condition of China and Japan with Australia Australia is a mixed market economy with 1.8% growth rate in 2016. Service sector is holds major share in the economy of Australia. Mining sector has significant contribution in the GDP, and employment of the economy. Inflation rate is strictly controlled by the Reserve Bank of Australia and is kept around 2%. Unemployment rate is high in this country. On the other hand, Japan and China are rapidly expanding economies in the world economy. Japan is fourth largest country in the world in terms of purchasing power. Technological development, automobile manufacturing industry is main driver behind economic growth of Japan. Japan generally runs trade surplus compared to other advanced nations. Economic outlook of this country is stable compared to other developed and developing nations. China is the second largest GDP in terms of GDP. Manufacturing industry is the main driver of the economic growth of this country. It can be seen that global financial crisis and global economic slowdown has negatively affected the economy of China as Chinese economy is related to other economies through global trade, where as Australian economy has been remain relatively less affected by global financial crisis (weforum.org, 2016). China is fastest growing consumer market compared to Australia and Japan. Similar and Different Trends Figure 1: Comparison of GDP (Source: data.worldbank.org, 2017) China and Australia has started with similar level of GDP during 1990. However, during 1990s, Australian economy experienced recession and stock market collapse to slow the economic growth. During 1990-2004, Australian economy has grew only at the rate of around 1.7% (Data.worldbank.org, 2017). Chinese government emphasised on investment and industrial policy. The common aspect between China and Japan economy is development of manufacturing sector, where as Australian economy shifted towards service sector. Use of domestic resources, internal capital formation have important factor for the economic growth of China and Japan. Chinese economy surpassed Japanese economy in terms of GDP after 2009. Influencing Factors on the Economic Growth of the Nations Along with domestic resources, there are other factors such as development of human capital, depletion of natural resources, technological development are the factors for economic growth. Moreover, political stability, trade relations with other regional and global economies, capital flows, domestic infrastructure supporting for industrial and social development are necessary factors influencing the growth of the economy (weforum.org, 2016). Along with these factors domestic fiscal and monetary policies play important role in this context to boost up investment through change in interest rate, taxation. References Data.worldbank.org. (2017). GDP (current US$) | Data. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=AUview=chart weforum.org (2016). The Global Competitiveness Report 20162017 https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf

Result of the First Nations Contact with Europeans in Canada

Introduction The initial contact of Europeans with North America can to a large extent be credited to the 15th century explorer, Christopher Columbus. He discovered the North American continent and reported his findings to the king and Queen of Spain. His depiction of the land as possessing many riches and habouring a timid people no doubt contributed to the enthusiasm with which future voyages to these lands were made.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Result of the First Nations Contact with Europeans in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over the course of the next four centuries beginning from the 15th century, many European nations were involved in widespread exploration of The North American continent. These expeditions resulted in significant changes in the local traditions as the new arrivals settled and traded with the natives. This new relationship between the North American natives and the Europeans led to an offsetting of the balance that had once existed among the people with far reaching consequences over the years. Brown and Sides note that this contact which began amicably as a trade relationship ended up with the destruction of the once powerful tribes of the Pequot, Narragansett, Mohicans and many other Native Northern American Tribes (1). Monumental changes occurred to the lives of the First nations of Canada as a result of their contact with Europeans. This paper shall set out to give a detailed description of the significant changes that arose as a result of this contact. This paper shall also investigate the means by which the traditions and cultures of the First Nations managed to survive despite the assault on them by the Europeans. The significance of a lack of writing traditions by the First Nations to the preservation of their history shall also be explored. It is hoped that this discussions shall lead to a greater understanding of the First Nations people and especially the significance of their encounter with the Europeans. First Nations Encounter with Europeans The Ojibway Historic Organization notes that the Ojibway and Lakota people are a part of a large linguistically related group of Native Americans and First Nation people who are collectively referred to as the â€Å"Algonquin† which loosely translates to â€Å"Family† (Ojibway Organization). These natives occupied the parts of Canada extending from Saskatchewan to Southern Ontario. The land was viewed by the First Nations as a gift form the Great Spirit and as such, the land belonged to every member of the tribe. The native inhabitants of the Northern American land came to be called â€Å"Indians† mostly as a result of the misclassification by the Spanish explorer, Christopher Columbus on his discovery of the New World.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first Europeans to venture into the land of the Ojibway were the French explorers and missionaries. Schell documents that the French explorers and missionaries were the only Europeans acquainted with the wild regions of North America as many considered the land too wild and dreary at all seasons to be made a permanent home by the civilized men (162). This explorers and missionaries sent home reports of the huge great lone land that they had encountered. Due emphasis was placed on the abundance of a great variety of fur-bearing animals such as the bear, wolf and lynx. The great rivers and lakes which formed a natural highway into the more remote parts of the continent also made it easy for the early explorers, missionaries and traders alike to venture deeper into the American Indians native land (Schell 163). Result of First Nations Contact with Europeans Increased trade was one of the major outcomes of the interaction between the First Nation and the Europeans. The native tribes of the fa r north were a peaceful people and they were friendly towards the white traders with home they cane into contact with. The commercial relationship that was proposed was accepted wholeheartedly since it was perceived to be advantageous to the First Nation. The primary good that was desired by the Europeans was fur and to this end, fur companies were established by the Europeans which operated throughout the vast territory of North America. Schell records that the Hudson’s Bay Company based in London and the North West Fur Company of Montreal were the first European agencies established to exploit the trading opportunities afforded by the American continent. The new trade relationship between the Europeans and the First Nation people led to a reliance on foreign commodities by the Natives. More time was therefore dedicated to the securing of fur and its subsequent preparation for the new trade. This led to an erosion of other activities such as pottery making, basket weaving an d embroidery practices which had been an inherent part of life of the Ojibway and Lakota people (Ojebwe Organization) Inevitably, as the trade advanced, there arose a greater demand for the fur products by the Native tribes. On the other hand, the European traders who were made up of mostly French, Dutch and British nationals wished to have a greater share of the products from the Natives. The Europeans formed great companies to further their trade interests and ventured deeper into the Ojibway and Lakota people’s land as their sought trade commodities. The developing trade rivalries among the Europeans led to European groups allying themselves with different Indian groups so as to safeguard their business interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Result of the First Nations Contact with Europeans in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Europeans pressured their business â€Å"allies† to ve nture into new hunting territories so as to provide a steady supply of fur. This led to war among tribes as they competed for the dwindling fur-bearing animals. The European allies not only encouraged these wars but they also equipped their native friends with weapons to given them an advantage in the confrontations. As has been stated in this paper, among the early European visitors were missionaries. As was the norm, the primary objective of the missionaries was to spread the white man’s religion, Christianity, to the heathen natives. In the pre-contact years, the Indians did not practice any one major religion as a people. However, this did not mean that the people were godless as they believed in a creator and had their creation stories. Owing to the perception of the Native Indians as heathens, the Europeans set out to convert them into their Christian faith. This was to be followed by an initiation into the ways of the Europeans which was considered to be civilized as o pposed to the barbaric ways of the Natives. Missionaries engaged in the preaching of the gospel which resulted in the conversion of a significant number of the Native Americans (Schell 118). While conversion into Christianity did give the Natives some measure of dignity in the face of the Europeans, it did not lead to their being treated as equals as they were still exploited and their land taken over. From the very onset of the contact with the Europeans, the Natives of America were abducted and taken off to the lands of the Europeans as â€Å"specimen†. Columbus in his famous expeditions is said to have â€Å"kidnapped ten of his friendly Taino hosts and carried them off to Spain† (Brown and Sides 1). Here, it was hoped that the natives would be taught of the white man’s ways and especially his religion since they were observed to be a heathen tribe. While the initial contact with Europeans was a peaceful process, it gradually degenerated to untold violence as the Europeans demanded more from the First Nations. Of all the European nations that made contact with the First Nation, the Spaniards left an especially murderous legacy. The Spanish in their quest for gold and gems undertook indiscriminate raiding and plundering of the native’s villages. This led to the natives putting up fights for survival against the White man. Most of this fights turned out fatal for the First Nation as their weaponry was outmatched by the European guns. Brown and Sides suggest that the slow speed of communication between the Native tribes in North America was partly responsible for the ill effects of the encounter with Europeans since news of the barbarities of the Europeans did not reach other tribes from their neighbors’ in time (2).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result of this lack of communication, thousands of villages were destroyed and villagers exterminated. Their sites of worship were plundered and burnt and the people enslaved. To give a feeling of the effect that the confrontation in battle between the Europeans and the Native Americans, Brown and Sides cite Tecumseh who laments: Where today are the Pequot? Where are the Narragansett, the Mohican, the Pokanoket, and many other once powerful tribes of our people? They have vanished before the avarice and the oppression of the White Man, as snow before a summer sun. (1) Slavery was one of the darkest realities of the European contact. While slavery was operational among the Native Indians in the pre-contact years, it became rampant after the arrival of Europeans. In the pre-contact era, Slaves were mostly made up of captives taken in attacks upon enemies whereby the captives were brought to the home villages and used as laborers. The Indian slave trade increased enormously with t he European presence as Europeans undertook slave hunting expeditions or encouraged the Indians to raid their enemy tribes for captives. These captives would then be exchanged for goods such as whiskey, guns and clothes (Rodriguez 37). An increase in slavery had the effect of not only lowering the population of the Natives but also bringing about mistrust and fighting amongst natives, most of whom had coexisted peacefully before the contact with Europeans. This is because most tribes set out to arm themselves and later on conduct raids on their neighbors so as to sell them off to the Europeans. Despite the contact with Europeans leading to the raising of the standards of living for the North American natives in the initial years, this contact also led to large number of deaths due to diseases. These diseases were brought by the Europeans who surprisingly enough did not seem to succumb to the diseases as easily as the Natives did. As such, European infectious diseases such as measles , mumps and smallpox continued to take their toll on the Native Americans leading to large number of deaths (Francis 218). Thornton notes that: In any event, Native Americans lacked prior exposure to disease from Europe and Africa such as smallpox and measles which typically confer lifelong immunity on anyone who recovers from them. (21) It is theorized that these diseases were some of the factors that led to the relatively easy invasion of the First Nations by the Europeans since the disease led to a significant reduction of the Native population as well as the weakening of the spirit of the Natives leading to a resignation to their fate in the hands of the Europeans. Another feature that came about as a result of contact with the European is that the Aboriginal people of North America were deprived off their land. Oommen notes that the earliest settlers of the Northern America were gradually displaced from most of their ancestral territory and bundled off to reserves (95). The Fir st Nations resented this and put up spirited fights to try and defend their land. However, their efforts did not succeed since the Europeans were better armed. In the end, the Natives were striped off citizenry to their land and it was not until the early 20th century, approximately 500 years after contact, that the Aboriginals were granted citizenship in Canada and the USA. Survival of the First Nations Traditions and Culture In the pre-contact years, the First Nation people lived in relative isolation from one another over the great stretch of the land. Numerous bands undertook independent hunting expeditions and fishing trips since the land was peaceful. However, as a result of contact with the Europeans, large groups of Indian people grouped together and formed unions so as so strengthen their positions. In 1579, the Ojibway and Dokata people made an alliance so as to strengthen their position against the other Eastern tribes which were becoming powerful as a result of the guns and knives obtained from their trade with the Europeans. This change in the communal structure aided the survival of the First Nation and therefore the survival of their traditions and cultures which they continued to practice through the years. Another factor that has contributed to the preservation of the culture of the Ojibway and Lakota is the spirit of oneness that is engendered by the Aboriginal people. This view is best articulated by Thornton who suggests that â€Å"kinship might even be the essence of individual identity for Native Americans† (134). This kinship which places great emphasis on family and community is the bound that has held the Native Americans together through the years of turmoil in the hands of the Europeans. The First Nation tribes were kin to preserve their traditional ways of life even as the Europeans sought to convert them into their alleged civilized ways of life. The role that oral history and tradition has played in the preservation of the traditions and culture of the First Nations cannot be overstated. Since the First nation lacked the means to record their history, it is plausible that their culture and tradition would have been completely lost as they were uprooted from their Native homelands by the Europeans and forced to abandon their ways for the ways of the white man. However, despite these occurrences, the Natives continued to pass on the stories of their traditions to their children through generations. Crowshoe and Eagle who are modern day Native Americans confirm the power of oral tradition in preserving their culture by stating that â€Å"as we listen to our stories, speak our language, sing our songs, and participate in our traditional societies, we gain insight and extract the understanding we need to live well and keep our ways alive†. (Four Directions Teachings) Effects of Lack of Written Traditions by the First Nations The First Nations who form the Aboriginal groups within North America did n ot have a symbolic system of writing up until recent centuries. This implies that they had no method of documenting and preserving their own cultural history. The history of the Ojibway and Lakota was contained in their oral and traditional history. Oral history is made up of stories of significant events such as migration, wars and epidemics while oral tradition represents folklore that makes reference to legends, myths and stories held sacred by a people. Wilson notes that the Ojibway and Lakota history was contained both in the oral history and oral tradition (27). She further expounds that there was a clear understanding among the people of what passes for folklore and what was considered a historic truth. As a result of the lack of symbolic writing system by the First Nations, most of what is learned today about this people has been written by anthropologists. The lack of a written history by the First Nations has affected the level of knowledge that exists today. This is becau se most of the accounts given about the First Nations were from outsiders who did not understand the culture of the people and normally took events out of context or viewed them with bias. For example, there exist scattered references in historical records on the role of women in the Ojibway economy. Nichols notes that due to the frequency with which women engaged in hard and heavy work, some observes began to fashion an image of the Ojibway woman as a burden bearer and in essence a slave to men who were engaged in hunting, chiefhood and other flamboyant roles (30). While the assertions about the economic role of the women of the First Nations was right, the historical recording greatly distorts the status of women in the traditional culture. This was because the writer’s ideal of women stemmed from the privileged classes of Europe who were frail dependent people in need of male protection. Comparison between the content of this course and the Elder’s teachings The Fou r Direction Teachings is a website that is dedicated to the celebration of â€Å"indigenous oral traditions by honoring the process of listening with intent as each elder shares a teaching from their perspective† (Four Directions Teachings). This website places great emphasis on the oral traditions of the Aboriginals and tries to emulate the manner in which information was passed by the First nation. This course on Native-American Studies on the other hand places a greater emphasis on the work of anthropologists and historians who have documented the history of the Aboriginal people through the centuries. Owing to the differing bias between the teachings at the fourdirectionsteachings.com website and this course, there are similarities as well as differences from the content of the two. The Four Directions Teachings demonstrated that the Ojibway and Lakota people had an instructional approach for teaching their children through storytelling which encompassed methods of observ ation and direct involvement (Wilson 27). This is evident from the manner in which the narrator personalizes the story by using terms like â€Å"I’ve been told ever since I was a young girl by my parents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Four Directions Teachings).The stories would therefore be expected to have differing versions depending on the teller. This is in contrast to the contents of this course which have been written in an objective manner. There is no personalization of events as each is told in a clearly objective manner. Another significant difference arises from the reasons that the teachings were given by the Aboriginal people. From the content of the stories, it is clear that a major role of the narratives was to enable people to attain and retain a good moral value that would then be passed on to subsequent generations. This is contrary to the contents of this course which are not aimed at propagating any moral teachings. Contrary to this, the contents of this course are aime d at providing a historically accurate depiction of the First Nations and their way of life. As such, the content of this course are devoid of any moral overtones that are the major characteristic of the stories that are present in the teachings of the elder’s website. For all their differences, there exist similarities between the elder’s teachings and this course’s contents. The fact that the Native Indians were a peaceful people who believed in the equality of all people and the spirit of brotherhood is a concept that is shared by both the content of this course and the Four Directions Teachings. This is contrasted with the European’s philosophy which emphasized the dominion of the white man over the world. As such, both sources record how the Indians welcomed the Europeans with hospitality as they would their own brothers. Conclusion This paper set out to give a detailed account of what resulted from the First Nations of Canada’s contact with t he European. The paper began by giving a brief overview of the First nation tribes so as to shed light to their ways of life in the pre-contact years. From the discussions presented herein, it is clear that the immediate result of contact between the Europeans and the First Nations was increased trade activities which resulted in abandoning of the First Nations previous ways of lives. However, it has been demonstrated that the results of this contact were mostly negative to the First Nations who not only lost their land but were also sold into slavery and exposed to diseases which led to the rapid decrease in their population. As a result of lack of a writing tradition by the Natives, the paper has highlighted how the history of their traditions has at times been misrepresented as a result of ignorance by the European historians. Despite the great atrocities that the Native Indians were subjected to, this paper has discussed the means by which the First Nations people were able to p reserve their culture and tradition to the present times. Today, these traditions and cultural ways remain unknown to most of the descendants of the great Native tribes of North America. However, their preservation has meant that the history of this people will never disappear as it would have if the Natives had failed to ensure its survival in the earlier years. While it cannot be disputed that most of the contact with the Europeans led to great wrongs against the First Nation, it was this interaction that led to the formation of the formation of the great North American nations of Canada and the USA. Works Cited Brown Dee and Sides Hampton. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: The Illustrated Edition: An Indian History of the American West. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009. Four Directions Teachings. Aboriginal Online Teaching and Resource Center. 2006. Web. http://fourdirectionsteachings.com/transcripts.html Francis, R. et al. Journeys: A History of Canada. Cengage Learning, 200 9. Nicholas, Rogers. The American Indian: past and present. VNR AG, 1986. Ojebwe Organization. More Ojibwe History. 2010. Web. http://www.ojibwe.org/home/pdf/More_Ojibwe_History_Summary.pdf Oommen, T. Citizenship, Nationality, and Ethnicity: Reconciling Competing Identities. Wiley-Blackwell, 1997. Schell, J. In the Ojibway Country: A Story of Early Missions on the Minnesota Frontier. Read Books, 2008. Thornton, Russell. Studying Native America: Problems and Prospects. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1998. Wilson, W. Remember This! Dakota Decolonization and the Eli Taylor Narratives. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. This essay on Result of the First Nations Contact with Europeans in Canada was written and submitted by user Dangelo Ryan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Talisman Case in Iraq Essay Example

Talisman Case in Iraq Essay Talisman Energy INC. : The Decision to Enter Iraq I. Introduction Any company that decides to expand internationally should consider many complexities that it might face. Because of the differences in political system, culture, surrounding environment, and many other factors, there might be great barriers for a firm to expand internationally. The CEO of Talisman Energy Inc and senior executive team have to convince the board of directors to enter Kurdistan region of Iraq. After Talismans scandal in Sudan, taking any other step into an unstable region carries a great risk. II. The Problems 1. Talisman Energy Inc. started as a small independent oil company which needed to grow and expand internationally since that North America offered only limited growth potentials. 2. Talisman Energy Inc. has suffered a great loss not only financially but also the companys reputation was affected after NGOs accused Talisman of fueling the civil war in Sudan. Some of the major investors threatened to sell their shares if Talisman didnt leave Sudan. 3. The price of oil reached 130$ per barrel, while the world demanded for oil, oil companies had to enter sensitive environments and countries to search for oil. Talisman decided to enter Kurdistan of Iraq as it is an oil rich region. 4. Kurdistan has been trying to separate from the rest of Iraq for many years, but they couldnt do so because they were fought by Saddam Hussain and his troops. Now, they wont miss any opportunity to have their independence. 5. Iraq is still an unstable country with all what it went through during the war with Iran and the US invasion. III. We will write a custom essay sample on Talisman Case in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Talisman Case in Iraq specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Talisman Case in Iraq specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Suggested Solutions Since that Talisman is looking for an oil-rich regions, and found that Kurdistan is a good place to invest they should take some steps to avoid any future conflicts and minimize the risks. These steps are as follows: Talisman should be very transparent about where their money is going. They have to pay 220$ million to the Kurdistans government, but they should announce where the money is going and investigate if this money might be used to fuel civil wars in Iraq. Talisman cannot take the risk and face another scandal like what happened in Sudan. Talisman should investigate about how independent Kurdistan is from the rest of Iraq, if there is any singe of conflict between Kurdistan and the government of Iraq, Talisman then should clear it out with the Iraqi government. It is as I mentioned an unstable region, so there is a great chance of conflicts. Talisman should clear out how the shares after oil discovery will be divided, since that they are not sure of finding oil or not, there might be some conflicts after the oil discovery, simply because oil is demanded all over the world, so the Iraqi government might change its mind and decide to get its share of the profit. Talisman should use the media to their side before any other conflict appears. There should be some meetings with NGOs to clear out Talismans policy and intentions in entering Iraq. There has to be a communication between Talisman and the NGOs to make sure that the company is away from funding any civil wars. That way, shareholders will feel even more comfortable, and the company will not risk its reputation. V. Implementation of the Solutions (1) Talisman should start meeting with NGOs before they enter Iraq, this way the company will be clear with the rest of the world about their future moves. 2) The investigation about the situation between Kurdistan and the Iraqi government should begin earlier and continue even after they enter Iraq, this way Talisman will be aware of the situation and be prepared for any future conflict. (3) After Talisman enters Iraq, there should be more meeting and consultations with NGOs to discuss the situation and to make the media aware of the companys activity in Kurdistan and that it is not funding any civil wars. All in all, entering international markets carries many risks, actually this fact applies to any change in the world, and changes carry risk and opportunities. An organization that decides to go abroad has to study all risks and be prepared to face any conflict. Talisman is facing a great risk in entering Iraq, but the growth potentials are very high if things work out. The company should be prepared with strategies to minimize the risks.

Quarks and Creation †World Religion Essay

Quarks and Creation – World Religion Essay Free Online Research Papers Quarks and Creation World Religion Essay This week we listened to John Polkinghorne speak about similarities that progressive science and theology share. Polkinghorne served as Professor of Mathematical Physics at Cambridge University, and is a Fellow of The Royal Society all before becoming an Anglican Priest at the age of forty-nine. Both the scientific world and the theological world are searching for truth. Polkinghorne has published many books and articles on this topic. He has found many connections between quantum physics and religion and does not believe that they are competing but rather they help to explain the other quite well. The quantum world is a complex world. Things on the surface are not always easy to believe or see. Reality is equally rich; it is full of many layers. However science is limited at times because it only looks at one layer at a time. Important things are learned this way but we also know that the humans experience is one that presents a great amount of complexity. Humans treat things in their wholeness much like a painter looks at a piece of art. A scientist might look at a painting and try to figure out the composition of the medium as apposed to just stepping back and enjoying the painting. Or stepping and enjoying the complexity that is found when all different elements are experienced at once. Beauty is an interesting thing and a word not often thought of when we are describing math. However, mathematical beauty is something that Polkinghorne finds when trying to understand the laws of nature. This is because the fundamental laws of nature are generally very mathematical based; concise but deep. These are simple equations that make up one line or two with a limited number of simples. If they are not beautiful equations then they generally not correct says Polkinghorne. So what appears to be simple is actually quite deep. Those who speak the language mathematics agree on what a beautiful equation is in the world of science. In the 18th century people starting to say science can explain everything but when questions were proposed that science could not answer the idea of the God of the Gaps came about. This is a God that does those things that science was yet to explain. But this is a pretty limited view of God because once science is able to explain a problem thought to be left up to God; God is no longer needed. Another fundamental flaw of this perspective of God is to say that if nature does it, we dont need. By 19th century scientists were arguing about such ideas as the fundamental composition of light. Is light a particle or a wave? The Quantum Field Theory was later discovered and allowed for the idea that if you propose a particle question about light you can get a particle answer and if you ask a wave like question you get a wave answer. Polkinghorne uses this example to better explain the dilemma of life of Jesus. He was both a man and so much more. This also helps to show that science is fully engaged in the idea of faith. Often times a scientist will know that something is true because the result is seen but it takes time to develop a way to actually witness the process. Polkinghorne says that Genesis 1 and 2 were clearly not written as scientific books. They were more like poems used to teach people about the awesome power of God. Genesis 1 for example does not have a correct sense time nor is the order of creation correct. For example stars come on the 4th day but the sun came on the first. You can not read poetry and believe it to be prose and in this way creationist are actually being disrespectful to scripture. It took 14 billion years to get where we are now. Certainly God is not in a hurry and is obvious to see that creation is an on going process. How arrogant to think that we are final product of God. God created something more interesting than a ready made world. We live in a world of true becoming. So if we live in a world of true becoming then God does not know the future because it has not happened yet. This is not an imperfection just a reality. God is not the puppet master of the universe nor can God can make 2 + 2 = 5 because someone chooses to pray for it. God operates under the laws of nature or the laws of God. Polkinghorne proposes that the laws of nature are simply the laws of God. The laws of God have a shadow side to them as well. For example we believe that having tectonic plates is important but sometimes they slip, when they slip they create earthquakes. The hard answer is that nature is allowed to be the way God made it. God doesn’t will the act of a murderer or the death by an earthquake but simply allows them to happen as they are the downside of free will. Suffering is built into freedom. How could a good God build a world that has so much suffering some ask? Our problems with suffering are actually just deep existential problems, â€Å"why is this happening to me?† The Christian God is not simply a stand off God, Christ suffered too. Perhaps this is part of the draw that Christianity offers. Jesus was nailed to a cross as a human and also felt the human emotion of being forsaken by his father. Research Papers on Quarks and Creation - World Religion EssayMind TravelThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic EngineeringHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Matilda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Matilda - Essay Example Miss Trunchbull maintains significant negative personality defects, believing that the most perfect school possible would be â€Å"one in which there were no children at all† (Bansal, 2). Trunchbull works for the sake of exploiting the youths in her school, satisfying her own, ill-conceived perceptions of authority and discipline, and to reinforce that her level of authority is superior. This is evident in the actions of tossing children out of the classroom window and locking them in a contraption which could be compared to a medieval torture device as a means of maintaining control. From a psychological perspective, Miss Trunchbull might be acquainted to an individual with a severe personality disorder and could well require psychiatric or psychological evaluation. Clearly, Miss Trunchbull’s approach to student discipline and generic education is one in which the student’s weaknesses are constantly identified and publicized, creating a learning environment where the student is not enticed to excel or to enjoy the fruits of youth, innocence and childhood. Miss Trunchbull works against no appropriate model of education whatsoever and clearly indicates her distaste for children in all of her interactions with the student population. Miss Honey, however, is a balanced authoritarian who mixes sentiment, empathy, kindness, direction and promotion as viable educational and psychological tools to stimulate Matilda’s self-confidence, self-expression, and to ensure she can reach the pinnacle of her talents and abilities. Honey’s approach to childhood education might best be comparable to a more progressive model in which the focus of student needs and aspirations becomes the foundation of all teaching methods. The one-on-one approach given to a somewhat embattled Matilda grants her self-assurance by creating connection and an open-communication environment. In Matilda’s home environment, her every

Comparison of Alphaville with Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison of Alphaville with Today - Essay Example The plot unleashes gradually when a secret agent is sent to catch Alphaville who is controlled by a computer Alpha 60 and the creator of this invention, Professor Von Braun (Constantine and Karina, 1965). This movie is basically symbolic of the fact that human beings have been dominated by the scientific inventions. They have lost their ability to feel and think. They have become robots like Alphaville and their behavior is termed as â€Å"outlandish†. In this scenario the relationship between Natacha Von Braun and Lemmy Caution, the secret agent, is quite significant because Natacha is unable to voice her feelings. It is not that she does not want to. She just doesn’t have the words to describe what she feels. On the other hand the poignancy of the scene touches the audience immensely where Natacha tells Lemmy that he is looking at her in a strange way to which he agrees. Then she asks if he is waiting for her to say something to him and to this also he agrees. Here, N atacha admits that she is clueless because she has never been taught the words to say what is expected of her here and that Lemmy should help. Lemmy replies that he will not be able to help her because she needs to help herself; that is the only way she will be saved. However, if she doesn’t, she would be â€Å"as lost as the dead ofAlphavile† (Constantine and Karina, 1965). ... The fact that a person, Alphaville, is being controlled by a computer also reflects the concept of totalitarianism. This is a concept or phenomenon according to which a state or government has the right to interfere with the private life of the citizens and the opinion of the citizens do not matter. The same idea has been portrayed in the 1965 film. The computers decide what is good and bad for the human beings and the human beings are not allowed to have any say in their own lives. According to Professor Bon Braun who is the creator of Alpha 60, everything is in control of science and machines(Conquest, 2001). It can be said that this movie was way ahead of its time but it still managed to capture the very essence and causes of the human decline, which is evident today. This movie made it clear that there is a very thin line between the human world and machine world and that time is not very far away when this line will be crossed by the human beings. A famous essayist,Professor Sus an Greenfield opines that people will have to wake up from their gadget-drugged and â€Å"pharmaceutically enhanced† slumber that has made their brains immune. According to him, soon there will be little if any difference between humans and machines. This quote can be related to â€Å"Alphaville† as well. The characters portrayed in the movies are expressionless and emotionless. They even talk like robots, without pausing and without much feeling with a poker face. Like Natacha Van Braun speaks rarely and whenever she does, it is on the professor’s command. For instance, when she is asked about how she is, she says, â€Å"I’m very well thank you you’re welcome.†(Greenfield, n.d.). If on one hand, this film is

PROJECT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

PROJECT 1 - Essay Example Commercial culture tends to create compromises that affect education in a negative manner. There is an increase in the level of secrecy that concerns research. The reason is that the corporate world tends to give sponsorship to study. The secrecy creates room for profits. The author argues that entrepreneurial learning tends to be a success in the short term. However, the institutions that have a chief focus on the academic values tend to emerge as the success, in the long run. The systems also tend to attain public trust that is a basis of the ability to overcome basic lucrative ventures. As a result, despite the desire to earn profits, the academic excellence is the independent variable for any educational institution. Any other experiments raise the level that results in the collision of interests. For instance, most entrepreneurial systems have difficulties in allocating funds for research in the different study fields. The case may lead to collapse of such establishments, in the long run. The publication focuses on the negative impact of commercializing education. The book outlines the shift in focus from viewing students as typical consumers whole school has the opinion of a commodity. The tutors in the class have a view of being service providers rather than being guides to the entire training process. The author points out that commercialization of education are dependent on globalization. The other aspect that causes commercialization is the rise of sound technology. The issue of unemployment and the gap between the well-off in the economy and those who do not have also acts as a creator of commercial education. Commercialization of education has made the real aspect of learning to change. The schools tend to employ hard terms of the students in a bid to win new customers. The students, on the other hand, learn with a view to passing the exam instead of gaining new knowledge. In other words, education is the acquisition of

The African American Struggle From Slavery

The African American Struggle From Slavery A long and favored mantra of the African American community has been that which doesnt destroy you tends only to makes you stronger. Using these as bywords, the struggle to survive and prosper in the United States has not always been an easy road traveled by African Americans . From surviving the Middle Passage, to the auction blocks, to life on the plantations, to the Emancipation Proclamation and on to the Great Migration of blacks from the south to northern cities, life has always been one of definite hardships. Religion, faith in a loving and forgiving God and a belief that there had to be a better way helped the African American ever forward moving and strong. Although the concept of slavery was not new to Africans, there were a number of differences in the enslavement in ones own country and the enslavement in one so foreign. In Africa, for example, slaves became adopted members of the kinship group that enslaved them. Often, they married into a lineage, even into high ranks of society. Slaves could also move up in society and out of the slave role. Also, the children of slaves were not presumed to be born into slavery. The beginning of slave trade began as early as the 1500s and was a profitable business to both sides , African and European. As time wore on, Europeans needed more and more slaves. The African tribesmen who had once been in favor of such trade, no longer wished to continue. Thus began the capturing of the needed slaves. Those Africans who resisted dealing in human cargo themselves became the victims of bloody slave trade. (Cayton, 2003) As it was for all slaves, the Middle Passage was a long, arduous nightmare. The slaves were branded with hot irons and restrained with shackles. Their living quarters was often a deck within the ship that had less than five feet of headroom and throughout a large portion of the deck, sleeping shelves cut this limited amount of headroom in half. Lack of standing headroom was the least of the slaves problems, though. With 300 to 400 people packed in a tiny area an area with little ventilation and, in some cases, not even enough space to place buckets for human waste disease was prevalent(Africans in America/Part 1/The Middle Passage). Faced with the nightmarish conditions of the voyage and the unknown future that lay beyond, many Africans preferred to die. But even the choice of suicide was taken away from these persons. A slave who tried to starve him or herself was tortured. If torture didnt work, the slave was force fed (Cayton, 2003). Despite the captains desire to keep as many slaves as possible alive, Middle Passage mortality rates were high. Although its difficult to determine how many Africans died en route to the new world, it is now believed that between ten and twenty percent of those transported lost their lives. (www.essortment.com) Most contemporary historians estimate that between 9.4 and 12 million Africans arrived in the New World. Disease and starvation due to the length of the passage were the main contributors to the death toll with amoebic dysentery and scurvy causing the majority of deaths. Additionally, outbreaks of smallpox, syphilis, malaria, measles, and other diseases spread rapidly in the close-quarter compartments. The number of dead increased with the length of voyage, since the incidence of dysentery and of scurvy increased with longer stints at sea as the quality and amount of food and water diminished with every passing day. In addition to physical sickness, many slaves became too depressed to eat or function efficiently because of the loss of freedom, family, security, and their own humanity.(Library think quest) Still, the majority of the captives survived and were soon headed for the auction blocks in America. Once in the Americas, slaves were sold, by auction, to the person that bid the most money for them. It was here that family members would find themselves split up, as a bidder may not want to buy the whole family, only the strongest, healthiest member. When the slave ship docked, the slaves would be taken off the ship and placed in a pen like this one. There they would be washed and their skin covered with grease, or sometimes tar, to make them look more healthy. This was done so that they would fetch as much money as possible. They would also be branded with a hot iron to identify them as slaves. The slaves would be brought from the pen, in turn, to stand on a raised platform so that they could be seen by the buyers. Before the bidding began, those that wished to, could come up onto the platform to inspect the slaves closely. The slaves had to endure being poked, prodded and forced to open their mouths for the buyers. The auctioneer would decide a price to start the bidding. This would be higher for fit, young slaves and lower for older, very young or sickly slaves (Davidson, 2008). Potential buyers would then bid against each other. The person who bid the most would then own that slave. The picture below shows a slave being aucti oned to the highest bidder. The slave auction was a terrible ordeal for the slaves, they did not understand the language and had no idea what was happening   (historyonthenet.com). Most owners saw slaves as property that performed labor for their businesses. As the demand for slaves rose, so did their value. After the importation of slaves ended, owners began buying additional slaves from owners in the upper South (Cayton, et al, p288). This development started the breakup of many slave families. The slaves unable to live and work under such harsh and dehumanized conditions, started to steal away, and rebel. The institution of slavery had such a stronghold on the economy of America that it would prevail for a number of years. The most important thing to be said about slavery from the perspective of the enslaved is that millions of African Americans endured slavery by making a world for themselves in the midst of their bondage. At the foundation of this enslaved culture stood the black family. Slaveholders did this for simple economic reasons and to make it easier to control the slaves. Whatever the reasons, slaves took advantage of the opportunity to use the family environment as a refuge and as a source of cultural endurance. Enslaved children learned family history from their parents by the stories told to them while they worked along side their mothers in the fields or at night in the slave cabins. Among the survival skills taught them were proper work habits, respect for elders, reverence for a spiritual world, and how to deal with whites by putting on the Massa. In this way, black parents showed their children how to cope with slavery by fooling the master without losing ones self respect (www.slaver yinamerica.org.). In addition to relying on the strength of family networks, the enslaved turned to religion as a means of coping with slavery. During the colonial era, most enslaved Africans retained as best they could their indigenous African religions or Islam in the cases of those who had come from Muslim countries. It was not until the mid-eighteenth century that large numbers of Africans began converting to Christianity during the religious revival movement that swept over the English colonies. During this Great Awakening, English Methodists and Baptists (later) preached an evangelical style of Christianity that appealed to the emotions and offered salvation to all who embraced Christ regardless of ones class or race. This new emotional religion blended nicely with African spiritual beliefs and religious practices. Its emphasis on singing, emotional fervor, spiritual rebirth, and total body immersion in water during baptism was especially attractive to enslaved blacks (http://www.slaveryinameric a.org/history/hs_es_overview). But, the country was not at rest. Religious reforms, the anti-slavery movement and the civil war were all in progress at this time. Although very few chose not understand why the slaves wanted their freedom, several citizens did not understand the separation of the institution based on religion and religious reform(Cayton et al.) Starting in 1861, states of the North clashed with states of the South in a brutal conflict that Americans called the Civil War. The causes of the Civil War were many and complex. Many white Northerners believed that slavery violated the basic principles of both the United States and the Christian religion, and believed that slavery was an evil that could not be tolerated. The first shots fired in 1861 signaled the start of the nations Civil War and lasted for four years. Slaves were used involuntarily for labor by the Confederates. Freed African Americans were employed to build forts, drive wagons and perform noncombat jobs. Black volunteers were not allowed to join the Union army, however in 1862 Congress authorized Lincoln to accept African Americans into the military. Several months later, Lincoln made the announcement in the Emancipation Proclamation. Given this encouragement, nearly 185,000 African Americans had enlisted in the Union Army. For these soldiers, fighting to help f ree others who were still enslaved had special meaning(Cayton, p.397). From 1861 to 1865 an estimated 620,000 soldiers were killed, of which more than 38,000 were African American. The wounds of war, both physically and psychologically were not easily healed, and carried on into the twentieth century(Goldfarb, S). Nearly 240 years were to have passed before the Thirteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution officially ended slavery in 1865. This means that 12 generations of blacks survived and lived in America as enslaved people-direct descendants of the nearly 500,000 enslaved Africans imported into North America by European traders. Some of the 180,000 African Americans who fought for their freedom as Union soldiers in the American Civil War could trace their families to the time of the Pilgrims. Still this was not enough to be treated as citizen of the United States, or as a human being in general. Discrimination, education, voting rights and civil rights were to be the next items sought in the struggle to survive and prosper. The war for the African American waged on.   For many African Americans the surge of joy at gaining freedom quickly faded as they realized how many obstacles stood between them and true equality. Defeat in war had not changed the fact that white people still dominated southern society, and the white leaders of those governments quickly passed laws to restrict African Americans new found freedoms. These laws were known as black codes. These laws established again a virtual slavery. Curfews, vagrancy laws, labor contracts and land restrictions all but placed African Americans back into slavery. The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment did little to help. The Fifteenth Amendment insured no person may be denied the right to vote and for the first time in history, African Americans had political power in 1870. More than 600 African Americans were elected to state legislatures. While this was all well and good, it did little for the little man not in government. The demand for a fair chance in the race of life was echoed by freed men across the South. This fair chance meant land. Give us our own land and we can take care of ourselves, but without land, our old masters can hire us or starve us as they please(Cayton, 2003). Planters had land, but no labor. Freedmen had labor, but no land. Out of these needs came sharecropping, tenant farming, and another way of being entrapped. However, a stronger people prevailed. African Americans have to this point survived the Middle Passage, life on the plantation, civil war, the black codes, sharecropping and tenant farming. They have survived beatings, burnings and even the Ku Klux Klan and World War I only to still be treated as a second class citizen. Down trodden, but not dead, African American moves on. Ever faithful, ever strong, ever seeking a better way or better day, to the land of milk and honey they go. Its migrating time-The Great Migration. After the war immigration from Europe virtually stopped, and the armed forces had taken many young men out of the labor pool. Businesses suddenly needed workers. Factory owners who had previously discriminated against African Americans now actively recruited them. The African American who had left the South to look for work in northern factories added to the steady stream of migrants had turned into a flood. Some 500,000 African Americans joined what came to be called the Great Migration(Davidson, et al, 2008). The dramatic exodus of African Americans from countryside to city and from South to North during World War I and the decade that followed changed forever black Americas economic, political, social, and cultural lives. The Great Migration was, up to that point, the largest voluntary internal movement of black people ever seen. There were several factors that drew African Americans out of the South and into cities throughout the nation. Poverty, the lack of educational facilities for the children, rigid segregation and discrimination, and limited opportunities were all among the reasons that led some to look North. Besides a dire economic situation, Southerners, as they had done during the Great Migration, were also fleeing Jim Crow. With little hope of redress in the justice system, African Americans were at the mercy of abusive employers, landlords, and almost anyone bent on depriving them of their rights. Notwithstanding the Fifteenth Amendment (1870), which guaranteed them the right to vote, the vast majority were effectively disenfranchised by restrictive rules that applied only to them. Rigid segregation in public spaces signaled by the constant presence of Whites Only and Colored signs on water fountains, restroom doors, hospital wards, transportation, and housing was a constant humiliation and a reminder that blacks were second-class citizens. Compared to the South, the North, although segregated in practice if not by law, appeared appealing (www.inmotionaame.org). The journey for equality for the African American citizen in the United States continue, great strides have been made. African Americans are once again in the political arena. We are entitled to fair and equal housing , education and employment. We now have an African American president. The struggle has been long, arduous, and steeped with many hills to climb. In keeping to the mantra by which many African Americans live it has been proven that which does not destroy us tends to make us stronger prevails.

Madame Bovary - Emma, Christianity, and Adultery Essay -- Madame Bovar

Emma, Christianity, and Adultery In Madame Bovary, Emma is depicted as a slave to her desires, namely, to the desire for what she calls love. The origin of these desires appears to stem from her childhood habit of reading romantic novels while she lived in the convent. Because of her idealized picture of what romantic love is supposed to be, she searched desperately for this in real life, but to no avail. It appears that Emma’s suffering is due to her disillusion with reality and her own naivete about the nature of relationships with other people. However, time after time, Emma looks into the face of morality in the respect of her religion. After she does so, rather than reconcile with her faith and repent her adulterous sins, Emma proceeds to commit them again, with a new and refreshed energy. In one of my previous papers I analyzed the role Christianity assigned to love and concluded that Christianity causes people to be enslaved by their Love for God. Although Emma never experienced the same type of Love f or God that I discussed, her Christian upbringings played a significant role in shaping the way she looked upon life. Specifically, Christianity contributed a great deal to Emma Bovary’s choice to commit adultery in her search for Love. The teachings of Christianity encourage the very thing Emma did throughout her entire lifetime—expect better things to come. Worldly things are not to be coveted because grander rewards will come in Heaven. Christians are taught to dream of a better future, eternal life, peace, and happiness. Moreover, Christianity makes its followers live in expectation of something better, and actions are motivated by expectations of these eternal rewards. Christians also martyr those who sacrifice and suffer since the sacrifice of Christ is a symbol of God’s Love. By acting in the imitation of Christ, the rewards and expectations will thus be fulfilled in Heaven. Therefore, in Christianity, Love is used to achieve transcendence. It is a passion that consumes, controls, and allows one to be content with unhappiness and suffering. Emma wanted happiness and an end to suffering just like other Christians, and she knew that the solution lie in Love. In the convent, she was inspired by stories from the old maid who slipped her romance novels. In the holy atmosphere of the convent, these stories of â€Å"love, lovers, swee... ...ll is to drag out, as I do, a useless existence. If our pains could be of use to some one, we should find consolation in the thought of sacrifice† (168). Because she felt this alienation from God, she struggled to practice Christianity. She knew what she desired, but she did not know how to attain it. Emma did not know how to be a virtuous woman and happy woman at the same time. The break between worldly love and heavenly love lead her astray and towards adultery, and the lack of guidance from the Church caused her to become confused. Finding worldly love has become more and more important today, and many people will travel the same roads as Emma in pursuit of the celestial lover, trying to make their sufferings and sacrifices of use to some one. Like Emma, they are motivated by the ideas that they deserve better and that happiness is found in Love. These ideals caused Emma to commit adultery and tragically end her life; she represents the modern person trapped between the ideals of the Christian tradition and modern times. Because of this conflict of interest, the modern man, as demonstrated by Emma Bovary, will suffer from insatiable and conflicting desires.

Project Proposal for Ministry of Trade Web Portal

COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR MINISTRY OF TRADE WEB PORTAL PRESENTED BY: RAHAB WAMBUI KIARIE REG NO: SP13/20526/08 COURSE CODE: COMP 402 PRESENTED TO: MR. OMWOYO SUBMISSION TIME: OCTOBER 2011 A project proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science of Egerton University. Table of Contents ABSTRACT3 CHAPTER ONE: 1. 0 INTRODUCTION4 1. 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT4 1. 2 OBJECTIVES5 CHAPTER TWO: 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW5 2. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM6 STARNDARD REQUIREMENT6 3. 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT6 3. 1) HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS6 3. 1. 1) APPLICATION PROGRAM6 3. 1. 2 Operating System6 CHAPTER FOUR: 4. 0 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS7 4. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND BUDJET8 4. 1. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE8 4. 1. 2 PROJECT BUDGET9 4. 1. 3 REFERENCES10 ? ABSTRACT As envisaged in Kenya’s vision 2030, trade will be one of the key sectors to drive economic development of our country. The sector is the link between consumption and production within the economy and contributes towards the employment and wealth creation.There are tremendous potentials for trade to play a central role in driving and sustaining growth and poverty reduction in Kenya. The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), cuts across all sectors of the Kenyan economy but face various development challenges like overreliance on agriculture which mainly depends on unpredictable weather, underdevelopment of Information, Communication and Technology and lack of market information of local goods both locally and internationally.This project will provide a solution to investors and MSMEs by providing information on the various investment opportunities available in Kenya apart from agriculture, know about the various trade policies to avoid unfair trade and also provide a platform where local companies can upload their company profiles and the ministry promotes their products at trade fairs at an international level. CHAPTER ONE: 1. 0 INTRODUCTIONThe Ministry of Trade†™s current mandate is: Trade development policy; Development of micro and small business; Fair trade practices and consumer protection; Private sector development and international trade affairs. The ministry will champion the promotion of both domestic and foreign trade through creation of an enabling business and investment environment as highlighted in this project proposal. The purpose of this proposal is to explain in detail the aim of the project, the methods used in the implementation of the system, scope of the system and budget and time schedule for the implementation of the project.It begins with the introduction which introduces the system to be developed. The next part is the problem statement, the literature review, the scope of the system and the requirements for the system. In the scope of the system we have the system functionalities and its limitations. Since the system is to be developed within a located time frame and budget constraint, it is imperative that the proposal also contains the budget and time schedule. This explains the time schedule for the system and also the budget for the system. . 1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Kenya trade industry faces a number of challenges: unsound business regulatory framework leading to multiple licensing and heavy or cumbersome regulations for SMEs which in turn leads to high cost of business transactions; Lack of comprehensive trade information on the existing and emerging markets to investors and SMEs. Lack of sound business managerial skills and exposure to international best business practices has hampered the growth of the MSE sector.To overcome the problem a system needs to be developed with the springboard objective of providing Kenyans with a centralized location where they can get trade information and thus lead to economic growth and realization of vision 2030. 1. 2 OBJECTIVES 1. To develop a successful Ministry of Trade web portal 2. To identify conditions for successful implementation of a new impr oved system. 3. To enhance access of trade information to Kenyans. CHAPTER TWO: 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEWHaving collected information on the ministry of trade I was able to define the main drawbacks associated with the services of the industry. Information sharing between the ministry and the business people is not easy. Enormous opportunities exist in the domestic, regional and international markets. These opportunities should be fully exploited through the systematic promotion of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and providing information to them.It is crucial to note that as trade becomes free and global, technological innovations will become increasingly important, offering consumers more and more options at cheaper prices in the country and all over the globe. With this system in place all the requests for trade information, will be available to recipients at any given time. Therefore potential users’ are:- oInvestors both local and international. oConsumers. oOt her ministries in the government that work closely with ministry of trade. oOwners of small and medium sized businesses. 2. SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM The web portal will aid in the availing all the details of the trade industry. It will, as its name suggests, be place where the ministry can interact with the general public on matters pertaining its mode of operation. There are several issues about the system’s scope. STARNDARD REQUIREMENT The requirements include the following: 1. Computers 3. 0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 3. 1) Hardware requirements ?Processor – Pentium IV with 2. 0 GHz or higher ?Memory – 1GB of RAM or more ?Hard Disk size – 320 GB for host, 20 GB for client 3. 1. ) Application program Programming: PHP and JavaScript, Database design: MySQL, Interface: Macromedia Dream weaver, Macromedia fireworks, Macromedia Flash, Web browsers: Mozilla Firefox, Internet explorer, Web server: Apache, System: Linux and Windows. 3. 1. 2 Operating System ?Windows XP (32 -bit), Vista(32 – 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32 – 64-bit) ? Linux CHAPTER FOUR: 4. 0 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The program development process will involve a number of steps as shown in the flow diagram below: 4. 1 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND BUDJET 4. 1. 1 Project scheduleMinistry of Trade web portal is a large project that can be accomplished in a period of six months which equates to two semesters. The initial loading of the system with data takes place at the commissioning of the system. A complete schedule is as below. Period/TimeActivityDescription November 2011 Acquisition of use ¬ful Resources. This involves collecting the useful facts from the ministry of Trade November 2011Databases Design Building individual databases, tables and individual record sets and loading with sample test data. December 2011 o January 2012Defining Record setsInvolves defining relations of data within various databases and means of accessing them February 2012Creating a Graphi ¬cal User Interface Involves creating user inter ¬face that users of the system will use to search for information March 2012TestingInvolves testing the system with sample data and correcting any anomalies especially in the database design if any. April 2012Loading DatabasesInvolves clearing databases with test data and loading with actual data. May 2012Commissioning the System This involves deployment of the system, hosting it so that it can be accessed by anybody.Table 1) Project schedule 4. 1. 2 PROJECT BUDGET PARTICULARSQUANTITYUNIT PRICE (Kshs)TOTAL COST(Kshs) 1Transport 5000 2Storage devices flash drive, CDs2 GB Flash Drive 2 Compact Disks 1,000 252,000 50 3Printing expenses1000 4Stationery2 A4 Books 2 pens 100 25200 50 5Computer Machine and softwareAvailable but limited 6Internet costs 2000 7Airtime6000 TOTALKshs 16,300 Table 2) project budget 4. 1. 3 REFERENCES ?Ministry of Trade Strategic Plan 2008-2012. ?Hawryszkiewycz, I. (1998), Introduction to System Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall, A ustralia.

4 Creative Ways to Advance Your Career

4 Creative Ways to Advance Your Career There’s no worse feeling in the world for a job hunter than finding the perfect position but being eliminated from consideration simply because you fail to meet one requirement. There may be some ways around these â€Å"must-haves,† but in most cases failure to meet the job description - or even one small component of it - can remove you from the running. Instead of taking a chance on it happening again, cover your bases by padding your resume with one or more of these four sought-after skills. 1. Basic CodingWhile a weekend-long program in basic coding won’t land you a job as a software engineer, it will round out your resume. Sites like Codeacademy offer free lessons in a range of programming languages, including PHP, HTML, Python, Javascript, CSS and others. Each lesson is short, powerful, and delivers just what you need to add â€Å"Programming† to the â€Å"Skills† section of your resume.2. Public SpeakingTen percent of people love public spe aking, 10 percent are terrified of it, and the remaining 80 percent are somewhere in the middle - they know it’s not going to be very fun, but they also know they’ll survive the experience.Aside from helping you pass the â€Å"good communication skills† requirement part of a job description requirement, there’s another important reason the majority of people should work on this skill: why would you want a job when you can merely tolerate a major aspect of it? Comfort with public speaking won’t just land you a job; rather, it will continue to be a useful skill throughout your life.Coursera’s â€Å"Introduction to Public Speaking† course is free, always open, and delivers useful instruction and plenty of opportunities for practice through its public speaking curriculum, including a series of videos totaling 18 hours, videos, and peer assessments.3. Graphic DesignGraphic design skills are highly desirable for a wide range of positions, particularly with the growth of social media, digital technology, and ever-popular infographics. While fudging knowledge of Adobe Photoshop, InDesign or Illustrator on your resume can lead to catastrophic results - particularly if you’re called upon to demonstrate your knowledge or experience - it is possible to learn the basics on your own.For example, Adobe offers tutorials designed to help everyone from novices to experts expand their skill set, while online education website Lynda’s â€Å"Photoshop CC Essential Training† offers the training you need to feel comfortable working with Photoshop.4. Website BuildingAn increasing number of employers are requesting that candidates include links to personal websites along with their application materials. Don’t have one of your own? Unfortunately, this may indicate a lack of initiative and/or the inability to keep up with 21st century expectations.Rather than risking coming off as unmotivated, take advantag e of classes aimed at helping beginners acquire the knowledge they need to to build their own websites. The Muse’s â€Å"Your Guide to Building a Personal Website That’ll Land You a Job,† offers the perfect starting point.The best part of many of these web courses and tutorials? Many are taught during a single day or weekend so you can increase your job marketability without investing significant additional time or expense. Your resume will thank you for it.

Supply Model for Hybrid Automobiles essays

Demand/Supply Model for Hybrid Automobiles essays Product identification: The subject of our model is the hybrid automobiles. The motives behind the selection of this innovative product as the subject of our discussion are the fact that hybrid automobiles are becoming an integrate part of our everyday life, enjoying a fast increase in sales and a bigger percentage out of the total production of car manufacturers. This type of vehicle implies that the automobiles use an electric and a conventional engine, reducing in this way the consumption and the pollution level by more than 25%. In order to better understand the insights of this fast developing market, we selected the Japanese company Toyota and his model Prius. Toyota launched the Prius model on the Japanese market in 1997 and up to present moment it managed to sell more than 1 million hybrid cars around the world. These figures indicate the fact that Toyota is by all means a multinational companies that uses as a marketing and business strategy the imposition of their environm ental-friendly models (increasing part of all Toyota vehicles), the Prius being the most sold vehicle in this no-pollution line of products. Background situation: Two main and important reasons have led to the development of the hybrid type of vehicles. First of all, Toyota is a premium car manufacturer from Japan, being one of the most important global players on the market, which registered for the first semester of 2007 the largest revenues in the world within the automobile industry and have the second largest automobile production capacity in the world. Among the most famous brands of Toyota corporation we could mention: Toyota, Lexus and Scion. The production capacity of the company registered an increase for the Prius model in 2006 as compared to 2005 by more than 30% (reaching 312.500 units produced in 2006).It is the company belief that the need for mobility of individuals could be better met by the hybrid vehicles, which could bring an ...

Effect of oil viscosity on the flow structure in in horizontal Assignment

Effect of oil viscosity on the flow structure in in horizontal oilwater flow - Assignment Example The oil viscosity effect on pattern structure of flow was evaluated by relating the existing experiment data with that of Raj et al. (2005) Angeli and Hewitt (2000). The relationship gave a number of imperative outcomes. For instance, the velocity of water necessary to start the shift to non-stratified flow at small velocities of oil rose as the viscosity of oil became greater than before despite the fact that it reduced at greater velocities of oil. The development of annular and bubbly flows and the level of double continuous section were seen to increase with the increase in ratio of oil–water viscosity ratio. The oil looked discrete in water as soon as oil viscosity decreased as was seen before in studies done before. The oil viscosity effect on pressure rise was also researched by relating the outcomes with Chakrabarti et al. (2005) and Angeli and Hewitt (1998). One of the key outcomes is the great inconsistency between the results of pressure rise that is accredited to the oil viscosity difference. The dissimilarities between the outcomes increase at greater velocities of oil. The prevalent pressure values differences were seen in flow section in which oil is in the phase of continuous flow. On the other hand, for discrete water with oil (Do/w), the values of pressure gradient seen at similar circumstances are almost similar. A modest relationship was established to calculate the pressure rise in this system. The re lationship was endorsed by the use of new investigation data. Lastly, the oil viscosity effect on pressure rise estimation was examined by use of the liquid-liquid flow model for a flow that is stratified and the homogeneous model for oil discrete in water. Homogeneous model and liquid-liquid flow model (2-phase model) revealed a better way of predicting the small viscosities of oil. Two-phase flows; liquid-liquid or gas-liquid occur in many applications in process industries. Liquid-liquid flows occur in

The Role of Cognitive and affective conflict in early implementation Essay

The Role of Cognitive and affective conflict in early implementation of activity - based cost management - Essay Example The article is an empirical study of the problems concerning the implementation of activity-based cost management (ABCM), particularly during its introductory phase, as the new system impacts on the behavioural element in the organization. Two conflicts are apparently engendered when ABCM is newly implemented – there is the cognitive conflict and the affective conflict. The study tries to discover empirical evidence, through a survey of 56 senior managers representing as many manufacturing companies that have adopted the use of ABCM in their organizations. Through the use of regression and correlation statistics, the results of the survey are expected to yield insights into the relationship between conflict constructs and the seleted ABCM implementation factors. Through this study, the researcher hopes to gain insight into how manufacturing companies may benefit, financially and operationally, from activity-based cost management, while mitigating the adverse effects and enhanc ing the beneficial effects of behavioural considerations attendant to the change. The title is somewhat long-winded, but it does convey a good idea of the topic of the research study. It conveys the subject of how employees behave when change is introduced in an organization. It also captures the interest of the business student to know more about what activity-based cost management is and why it would result in behavioural conflict. From the point of view of managers, the title immediately hints that this study could provide useful insight into best practices in the management of change, in particular regarding activity-based cost management. The abstract is particularly well written. The dilemma addressed by the study is described in a way that could be easily understood by readers with a reasonable familiarity with business organizations. Hands-on managers

Navy Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Navy Insurance - Essay Example The recent rise in costs of operating marine trade and business through losses suffered through piracy has necessitated players in the industry of marine business to invest in the piracy insurance policies. According to UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea), piracy is a multifaceted issue and takes cognition of all illegal act of detention violence as well as depredation that is directed towards ship or persons, or even cargo on board of the ship on the high seas. With the rise in piracy risks in the high seas, the emerging trend has been the insurance brokers offering marine insurance against piracy at very high premiums as compared to other risk premiums in the 21st century marine business. In particular, the premiums on offer depend on the routes of voyage, as the insurers are aware of the most affected regions by piracy such as the east African shores especially within the shoreline of Somali. Besides, the international community has invested notably in deployi ng military personnel to aid in restoring normalcy in the areas facing such challenges of piracy activity though this has had little effect in influencing the premiums concerning insurance against piracy. Nevertheless, an emerging trend reveals efforts by insurance companies to fund operations by specialized naval ships, which are specially designed and made to have the necessary equipments as well as machinery that would be used to escort cargo ships across the piracy risk prone areas at relatively minimal costs.

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn touches upon controversial racial issues that many people believe are not appropriate for young children. Understanding the novel’s satirical aspects requires a certain amount of intellectual maturity. Students below this level of aptitude may misconstrue the novel’s vulgar comments as racist, rather than an ironic portrayal of slavery. Some people feel that the elementary and secondary school students that read the book will only recognize the prominent issues of the novel and will overlook Mark Twain’s depiction that slavery is morally wrong. It is a fallacy that junior high students would be blind to Twain’s underlying references. The renowned literary work should be used as a way to educate students about the cruelty that occurred in our nation’s past. Confronting these deep racial issues could enlighten students and ease existing race relations. Huckleberry Finn should be read in schools prior to high school to familiarize students with important social issues. Those that oppose Huckleberry Finn’s presence in elementary and secondary school curricula claim that its advanced material is not suitable for children of those ages. At this point, they argue, students have not matured enough to form their own views and are susceptible to negative influences. Reading Huckleberry Finn would expose students to acts of prejudice and belittlement of the black population. For example, the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† is disrespectful and students should not hear it used so frivolously. This word not only has a negative connotation, but it is a reminder of the inequality that once existed and alienates blacks. Furthermore, Jim, the black protagonist of the novel, is ridiculed and reduced to less than human by the novel’s conclusion. Jim’s character starts out as an enslaved black man oppressed by the white population. As he and Huck travel down the river, Jim gains confidence and the reader sees his true intelligence and compassion for Huck. Only shortly later, Jim gets drawn into Tom Sawyer’s extravagant plan to â€Å"free† him, where he is once again at the mercy of others’ cruelty. This vicious degradation of a human being far too advanced for young children to comprehend. Black students specifically may find this material embarrassing and discomforting. Young students of other ethnicities may have not yet had experiences that teach them the effects of this chauvinistic mentality and may see this behavior as acceptable. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses language that is offensive and contains subject matter that illuminates the separation between races. Twain purposely shares these truths in order to denounce and ironize the entire institution of slavery. The belief that elementary and secondary school students cannot understand Twain’s underlying intentions completely underestimates their mental capacity. Discussing these issues could shape students’ ideas and thwart any preconceived derogatory notions. Leslie Fiedler, an advocate of Huck Finn praises the novel for, â€Å"enabling us finally—without denying our horror and guilt—to laugh therapeutically at the ‘peculiar institution’ of slavery† (Fiedler, 1984, Huckleberry Finn: The Book We Love to Hate, p. 6). He sees the novel as a way to objectively address slavery and free our nation of its lasting burden. In a classroom setting with the help of an instructor, every element of the story would be explained. Teachers are important mentors that can guide each student to an understanding of the evolution and importance of human rights. Descriptive Outline Proposition: Huckleberry Finn should be read in schools prior to high school because it is informative about important social issues. Plan: Present the argument. Take a position. Provide a concession to my position. Confirm my position with specific reasons. Paragraph 1: Says: Huckleberry Finn is a complex novel, yet young children would be able to understand and benefit from reading it in a classroom setting. Does: Sentences 1 introduces the topic. Sentences 2 and 3 further develop the issue. Sentence 4 gives one view of the argument. Sentence 5 disproves the previous sentence. Sentences 6 and 7 support the latter side of the argument. Sentence 8 is the proposition of the essay. Paragraph 2: Says: Elementary and secondary school students will misinterpret the purpose of the racial slurs in Huckleberry Finn. Does: Sentence 1 states the topic of the paragraph. Sentence 2 supports clarifies the preceding sentence. Sentences 3 says the ultimate reason for this position. Sentences 4 and 5 state one reason that backs up this claim. Sentences 6, 7 and 8 state another reason for this claim with specific evidence from the novel. Sentence 9 connects these reasons to the proposition. Sentences 10 and 11 explain further the effects of this side of the argument. Paragraph 3: Says: Students are entirely capable and should read Huckleberry Finn in schools at an age before high school. Does: Sentences 1 and 2 acknowledges the opinion in the former paragraph as a transition into the opposing view point. Sentence 3 challenges the concession in the preceding paragraph. Sentence 4 gives a general reason supporting the first sentence. Sentence 5 is a direct quote from an advocate of Huck Finn that supports the proposition. Sentence 6 explains the quotation. Sentences 7 and 8 state two benefits of adhering to the proposition. Kaila McDonnell Concession Essay Second Draft February 19, 2010 Moral Education through Literature The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn touches upon controversial racial issues that many people believe are not appropriate for young children. Understanding the satirical aspects of the novel require a certain level of intellectual maturity. While the book is read in many elementary and secondary school classrooms, some people feel that these students will only recognize the prominent issues of the novel and will overlook the inherent moral value that Mark Twain wishes to convey. If only the immediate context of the novel is interpreted, the book could be perceived as a sanction of racism. Students should be aware of the cruelty that occurred in our nation’s past. It is a fallacy that students in junior high would be blind to Twain’s underlying references that denounce slavery and discrimination. Confronting these deep racial issues could enlighten students and ease existing race relations. Huckleberry Finn should be read in schools prior to high school because it educates students about important social issues. Those that oppose Huckleberry Finn’s presence in elementary and secondary school curricula claim that the advanced material in the novel is not suitable for children of those ages. At this point, students have not matured enough to form their own views and are susceptible to negative influences. Reading Huckleberry Finn would expose students to acts of prejudice and belittlement of the black population. For example, the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† is disrespectful and is not something students should hear used so frivolously. This word not only beholds a negative connotation, but it is representative of blacks’ entire brutal struggle with inequality. Further, Jim, the black protagonist of the novel, is ridiculed and reduced to less than human by the end of the novel. Jim’s character starts out as a typical enslaved black man oppressed by the white population. As he and Huck travel down the river, Jim loses his slave persona as he gains confidence and the reader sees his true intelligence and compassion for Huck. Shortly after, Jim is involved in Tom Sawyer’s extravagant plan to â€Å"free† him, where he is once again at the mercy of others’ cruelty. This vicious degradation of a human being is far too advanced for children of a young age to comprehend. Black students specifically may find this material embarrassing and discomforting. Young students of other races may have not yet had experiences that taught them the effects of this chauvinistic mentality and may see this behavior as acceptable. The belief that students in elementary and secondary schools cannot handle the messages present in Huckleberry Finn is a complete underestimation of their mental capacity. Discussing these issues could shape students’ ideas and thwart any preconceived derogatory notions. Leslie Fiedler, an advocate of Huck Finn praises the novel for, â€Å"enabling us finally—without denying our horror and guilt—to laugh therapeutically at the ‘peculiar institution’ of slavery† (Fiedler, 1984, Huckleberry Finn: The Book We Love to Hate, p. 6). He sees the novel as a way to objectively address slavery and free our nation of its lasting burden. In a classroom setting with the help of an instructor, every element of the story would be explained. Teachers are important mentors with their guidance each student could reach a full understanding of the evolution and importance of human rights. Descriptive Outline PROPOSITION: Huckleberry Finn should be read in schools prior to high school because it is informative about important social issues. PLAN: Present the argument. Take a position. Provide a concession to my position. Confirm my position with specific reasons. PARAGRAPH 1: Says: Huckleberry Finn is a complex novel, yet young children would be able to understand and benefit from reading it in a classroom setting. Does: Sentences 1 and 2 introduce the topic. Sentences 3 and 4 give one view of the argument. Sentence 5 serves as the link to the next idea. Sentences 6 and 7 state the other side of the argument. Sentence 8 is the proposition of the essay. PARAGRAPH 2: Says: Some believe that students are not mature enough at an elementary or secondary school level to see Huckleberry Finn for what it’s worth. Does: Sentence 1 states the topic of the paragraph. Sentence 2 supports clarifies the preceding sentence. Sentences 3 says the ultimate reason for this position. Sentences 4 and 5 state one reason that backs up this claim. Sentences 6, 7 and 8 state another reason for this claim with specific evidence from the novel. Sentence 9 connects these reasons to the proposition. Sentences 10 and 11 explain further the effects of this side of the argument. PARAGRAPH 3: Says: Students are entirely capable and should read Huckleberry Finn in schools at an age before high school. Does: Sentence 1 disproves the concession in the preceding paragraph. Sentence 2 gives a general reason supporting the first sentence. Sentence 3 is a direct quote from an advocate of Huck Finn that supports the proposition. Sentence 4 explains the quotation. Sentences 5 and 6 say exactly why the proposition is true. Kaila McDonnell Concession Essay Draft February 16, 2010 Moral Education through Literature The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn touches upon many racial issues that many people believe is not appropriate for young children. Understanding the satirical aspects of the novel require a certain level of intellectual maturity. While the book is read in many elementary and secondary school classrooms, some people feel that these students will only recognize the prominent issues of the novel and will overlook the inherent subject matter that Mark Twain wishes to convey. If only the immediate context of the novel is interpreted, the book could be perceived as a sanction of racism. However, now over a century since the first emancipation of slaves, the enactment of slavery should not be forgotten. Students should be aware of the cruelty that occurred in our nation’s past. It is a fallacy that students in junior high would be blind to Twain’s underlying references that denounce slavery and discrimination. Confronting these deep racial issues could enlighten students and ease existing race relations. Huckleberry Finn should be read in schools prior to high school because it is informative about important social issues. Those that oppose Huckleberry Finn’s presence in elementary and secondary school curriculums claim that the advanced material in the novel is not suitable for children of those ages. At this point, students have not matured enough to form their own views and are still susceptible to negative influences. Reading Huckleberry Finn would expose students to situations that are prejudice and belittling to the black population; for example, the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† in reference to blacks. This word not only beholds a negative connotation, but it is representative of blacks’ entire brutal struggle with inequality. Further, Jim, the symbol of the black community in the novel, is ridiculed and reduced to less than human by the end of the novel. This subject matter is far too advanced for children of a young age to understand its significance. Black students specifically may find this material embarrassing and discomforting, while students of other races may see this chauvinistic behavior as acceptable. The belief that students in elementary and secondary schools cannot handle the messages present in Huckleberry Finn is a complete underestimation of their mental capacity. At a young age, students should not learn to be blind to important issues, such as race relations. Leslie Fiedler, an advocate of Huck Finn says that he would have parents, â€Å"prize Twain’s dangerous and equivocal novel not in spite of its use of that wicked epithet, but for the way in which he manages to ironize it; enabling us finally—without denying our horror and guilt—to laugh therapeutically at the ‘peculiar institution’ of slavery. † Prior to high school is when students are developing their own opinions and need to be guided to proper moral judgment. Huckleberry Finn addresses many relevant moral issues. In a classroom setting with the help of an instructor, every element of the story would be explained and each student could reach a full understanding of the evolution and importance of human rights. Descriptive Outline PROPOSITION: Huckleberry Finn should be read in schools prior to high school because it is informative about important social issues. PLAN: Present the argument. Take a position. Provide a concession to my position. Confirm my position with specific reasons. PARAGRAPH 1: Says: Huckleberry Finn is a complex novel, yet young children would be able to understand and benefit from reading it in a classroom setting. Does: Sentences 1 and 2 introduce the topic. Sentences 3 and 4 give one view of the argument. Sentence 5 serves as the link to the next idea. Sentence 6 states the other side of the argument. Sentences 7 and 8 state and verify the proposition of the essay. PARAGRAPH 2: Says: Some believe that students are not mature enough at an elementary or secondary school level to see Huckleberry Finn for what its worth. Does: Sentence 1 states the topic of the paragraph. Sentence 2 supports clarifies the preceding sentence. Sentences 3, 4 and 5 say why this position is plausible with specific evidence from the novel. Sentences 6 and 7 state the importance and relevance of the prior examples. PARAGRAPH 3: Says: Students are entirely capable and should read Huckleberry Finn in schools at an age before high school. Does: Sentence 1 disproves the concession in the preceding paragraph. Sentence 2 expands upon the first sentence. Sentence 3 is a direct quote from an advocate of Huck Finn that supports the proposition. Sentences 4, 5, and 6 say why in fact the proposition is true.